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DID M.TECH(BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING)IN NIT ROURKELA,ORISSA.

Sunday, February 28, 2010

COMPLETE SIMPLIFIED TUTORIAL ON XRAYS

- X-rays similar to X-ray visible light photons Both have a component of a moving carrier wavelength electromagnetic energy electromagnetic energy, but the difference between X-ray and visible light rays is the energy level of photons, which is expressed in wavelength radiation wavelength.
- The human eye is sensitive to a particular area of the range within which wave lengths of visible radiation, but they are sensitive to X-ray, which cut into the length of less than visible light and thus energy is higher, and it is not sensitive to radio waves radio waves that have the largest wavelength of visible light and thus less energy.
- The X-ray photons as photons of visible light produced by the movement of electrons in atoms, where electrons occupy these Suiat hat different orbits around the nucleus of an atom, and when moving electron from its orbit to orbit together with a lower cap it frees energy in the form of photons, depends Energy these photons on the difference between Suetin Takitin the first and second electron.
Shocked when the photon point the other atom of this atom absorbs the photon energy through the transfer of electron to the cap along the top.  For this to happen must be normal to the photon energy is equal to the difference between the Suetin Takitin of the electron.
Typically, you weave rights atoms absorb photons of various visible light, as the Sueat energy photons of visible light to suit the differences between the different positions of electrons in atoms tissues.  While radio waves do not have sufficient energy to transfer electrons between different Sueat energy of atoms, and thus is able to penetrate different objects, as well as also the case in X-rays, but the only difference is that X-rays have very high energy.
X-ray when you can fall on the relatively small atoms to expel the electron atoms, where some X-ray photon energy separation of the electron atom, while the residual energy to pay the electron away from the atom is often unable to absorb photons of X-rays. While the atoms are relatively large X-ray photon absorption, because these atoms have the differences between the high-hat orbits and these differences are roughly equal to the energy X-ray photons.
Diverse tissues in the human body is either made up of small particles and therefore unable to absorb photons of x-ray, may be significant Kdhirat calcium calcium atoms that constitute the infrastructure of the bones and thus is able to absorb photons of X-rays.

Principle simplified X-ray machine in general:

The main part of this device is the X-ray tube glass and airless, and containing the cathode strip is a thread a thin wire is heated by electric current crossing it, where the heat to expel an electron from the surface of the runway.While the positively charged anode elevator is a flat disk of tungsten tungsten. While the positively charged anode elevator is a flat disk of tungsten tungsten.

Applied voltage difference between the lift and runway intended to give the electrons extracted from the runway at high speed toward the elevator, when the shock electron tungsten atom located on the elevator releases the electron together with a low cap of this corn, and replace the electron electron of the same corn, but enjoy doing, cap the top, this process will result in excess free energy in the form of a photon doing, high-hat, is the X-ray photon. Applied voltage difference between the lift and runway intended to give the electrons extracted from the runway at high speed toward the elevator, when the shock electron tungsten atom located on the elevator releases the electron together with a low cap of this corn, and replace the electron electron of the same corn, but enjoy doing, cap the top, this process will result in excess free energy in the form of a photon doing, high-hat, is the X-ray photon.
And also can generate free electrons, photons, without the shock of atoms, where the nuclei of atoms to attract electrons accelerated, where a slowing of the electrons, and change tracks, and thus make the electron at this situation of excess capacity in the form of photons of the X-ray. And also can generate free electrons, photons, without the shock of atoms, where the nuclei of atoms to attract electrons accelerated, where a slowing of the electrons, and change tracks, and thus make the electron at this situation of excess capacity in the form of photons of the X-ray.
Produced by the collision of electrons lift, high temperature, it uses the engine to rotate the lift and protect it from melting. Produced by the collision of electrons lift, high temperature, it uses the engine to rotate the lift and protect it from melting.
Surrounded by the internal structure of the X-ray tube cover prevents the thick gray dispersion X-rays in various directions, and it includes this cover on a small window to allow x-ray photons that come in the form of a narrow package reflects a series of filters filters before falling on the patient’s body. Surrounded by the internal structure of the X-ray tube cover prevents the thick gray dispersion X-rays in various directions, and it includes this cover on a small window to allow x-ray photons that come in the form of a narrow package reflects a series of filters filters before falling on the patient’s body.

Movie show areas exposed to large amounts of radiation opaque color, while showing the areas that were less susceptible to radiation Atoma less, and this explains that the bones appear white on the film being absorbed by the light beam and thus did not reach rays to the film, while showing soft tissue black or gray because it did not absorb radiation and thus reached larger quantities of these rays to the film.Movie show areas exposed to large amounts of radiation opaque color, while showing the areas that were less susceptible to radiation Atoma less, and this explains that the bones appear white on the film being absorbed by the light beam and thus did not reach rays to the film, while showing soft tissue black or gray because it did not absorb radiation and thus reached larger quantities of these rays to the film.
تFound on the other side of the patient’s body X-ray camera X-ray camera that use the same technology used in the film regular camera, but the difference here that instigate chemical reactions on the film is X-ray and not visible light, but in the device Digital X-RayWhich we will talk about later is used instead of film sensitive electronic component CCD . Located on the other side of the patient’s body X-ray camera X-ray camera that use the same technology used in the film regular camera, but the difference here that instigate chemical reactions on the film is X-ray and not visible light, but in the the Digital X-Ray which we will talk about later is used instead of a film sensitive electronic CCD.

Harmful ultraviolet rays:


The problem of X-rays as ionizing radiation, when the shock rays normal atom it is not able to make changes in the corn, but when the shock X-ray corn is the result of the expulsion of an electron from this atom and converts it to stray, or electrically charged atoms.The problem of X-rays as ionizing radiation, when the shock rays normal atom it is not able to make changes in the corn, but when the shock X-ray corn is the result of the expulsion of an electron from this atom and converts it to stray, or electrically charged atoms. This shipment has caused abnormal chemical reactions inside cells . This shipment has caused abnormal chemical reactions within cells.As it can cause to break the chain  DNA Chains This is what is causing the death of the affected series or injury spasmodic, and this is what makes the cells carcinogen, and can be spread this cancer Through the body. They can also cause DNA to break the chains of nuclear DNA Chains and this is what is causing the death of the affected series or her spasmodic, this is what makes the cells carcinogen, and can be spread through the body of this cancer.
. Therefore, doctors used X-ray the economy these days.
But despite these risks, it remains mediated by X-ray scanning the most secure option of direct surgical work, and it is certain that X-ray machine of the most important inventions of our timeBut despite these risks, it remains mediated by X-ray scanning the most secure option of direct surgical work, and it is certain that X-ray machine of the most important inventions of our time.
System of Digital X-Ray:

Box plots for the device:
Digital X-Ray equipment different from the traditional system of X-ray image capture and processing, these devices do not contain traditional movies but also contains a section showing an electronic consists mainly of a so-called CCD or Charge Couple Device and is a matrix with large number of elements of the light-sensitive depth of about 30 Maekerfallt level of accuracy and up to 1024 X 1024 Pixel . The device of Digital X-Ray equipment different from the traditional system of X-ray image capture and processing, these devices do not contain traditional movies but also contains a section showing an electronic consists mainly of a so-called CCD or Charge Couple Device and is a matrix with the number of large elements of the light-sensitive depth of about 30 Maekerfallt level of accuracy and up to 1024 X 1024 Pixel.
The element of the CCD
X-ray photons to transfer them to the fallen, generating an electrical signal that these photons electric charge on each element of the matrix as the photon energy, and processed this signal mediated by computer in order to get the image on the display screen control
. Component is the CCD X-ray photons to transfer them to the fallen, generating an electrical signal that these photons electric charge on each element of the matrix as the photon energy, and processed this signal mediated by computer in order to get the image on the display screen control.
This element is the cornerstone of digital photography, whether this imaging cameras mediated ordinary or medical imaging.
This element is the cornerstone of digital photography, whether this imaging cameras mediated ordinary or medical imaging.
عنصر الــ CCD Element of the CCD

Characterized by X-ray digital traditional,
1-  better comparison between the tissue-intensive and non-intensive.
2-  get faster on the image.
3-  the ability to store images.
4-  the possibility of modifying images in order to increase accuracy of detection of cancers.
5- The possibility of transfer images easily to remote locations to Internet-mediated medical doctors in distant locations.
But the disadvantage of the digital examination is the high cost compared to traditional examination.
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