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HYDERABAD, ANDHRAPRADESH, India
DID M.TECH(BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING)IN NIT ROURKELA,ORISSA.

Sunday, February 28, 2010

COMPLETE SIMPLIFIED TUTORIAL ON XRAYS

- X-rays similar to X-ray visible light photons Both have a component of a moving carrier wavelength electromagnetic energy electromagnetic energy, but the difference between X-ray and visible light rays is the energy level of photons, which is expressed in wavelength radiation wavelength.
- The human eye is sensitive to a particular area of the range within which wave lengths of visible radiation, but they are sensitive to X-ray, which cut into the length of less than visible light and thus energy is higher, and it is not sensitive to radio waves radio waves that have the largest wavelength of visible light and thus less energy.
- The X-ray photons as photons of visible light produced by the movement of electrons in atoms, where electrons occupy these Suiat hat different orbits around the nucleus of an atom, and when moving electron from its orbit to orbit together with a lower cap it frees energy in the form of photons, depends Energy these photons on the difference between Suetin Takitin the first and second electron.
Shocked when the photon point the other atom of this atom absorbs the photon energy through the transfer of electron to the cap along the top.  For this to happen must be normal to the photon energy is equal to the difference between the Suetin Takitin of the electron.
Typically, you weave rights atoms absorb photons of various visible light, as the Sueat energy photons of visible light to suit the differences between the different positions of electrons in atoms tissues.  While radio waves do not have sufficient energy to transfer electrons between different Sueat energy of atoms, and thus is able to penetrate different objects, as well as also the case in X-rays, but the only difference is that X-rays have very high energy.
X-ray when you can fall on the relatively small atoms to expel the electron atoms, where some X-ray photon energy separation of the electron atom, while the residual energy to pay the electron away from the atom is often unable to absorb photons of X-rays. While the atoms are relatively large X-ray photon absorption, because these atoms have the differences between the high-hat orbits and these differences are roughly equal to the energy X-ray photons.
Diverse tissues in the human body is either made up of small particles and therefore unable to absorb photons of x-ray, may be significant Kdhirat calcium calcium atoms that constitute the infrastructure of the bones and thus is able to absorb photons of X-rays.

Principle simplified X-ray machine in general:

The main part of this device is the X-ray tube glass and airless, and containing the cathode strip is a thread a thin wire is heated by electric current crossing it, where the heat to expel an electron from the surface of the runway.While the positively charged anode elevator is a flat disk of tungsten tungsten. While the positively charged anode elevator is a flat disk of tungsten tungsten.

Applied voltage difference between the lift and runway intended to give the electrons extracted from the runway at high speed toward the elevator, when the shock electron tungsten atom located on the elevator releases the electron together with a low cap of this corn, and replace the electron electron of the same corn, but enjoy doing, cap the top, this process will result in excess free energy in the form of a photon doing, high-hat, is the X-ray photon. Applied voltage difference between the lift and runway intended to give the electrons extracted from the runway at high speed toward the elevator, when the shock electron tungsten atom located on the elevator releases the electron together with a low cap of this corn, and replace the electron electron of the same corn, but enjoy doing, cap the top, this process will result in excess free energy in the form of a photon doing, high-hat, is the X-ray photon.
And also can generate free electrons, photons, without the shock of atoms, where the nuclei of atoms to attract electrons accelerated, where a slowing of the electrons, and change tracks, and thus make the electron at this situation of excess capacity in the form of photons of the X-ray. And also can generate free electrons, photons, without the shock of atoms, where the nuclei of atoms to attract electrons accelerated, where a slowing of the electrons, and change tracks, and thus make the electron at this situation of excess capacity in the form of photons of the X-ray.
Produced by the collision of electrons lift, high temperature, it uses the engine to rotate the lift and protect it from melting. Produced by the collision of electrons lift, high temperature, it uses the engine to rotate the lift and protect it from melting.
Surrounded by the internal structure of the X-ray tube cover prevents the thick gray dispersion X-rays in various directions, and it includes this cover on a small window to allow x-ray photons that come in the form of a narrow package reflects a series of filters filters before falling on the patient’s body. Surrounded by the internal structure of the X-ray tube cover prevents the thick gray dispersion X-rays in various directions, and it includes this cover on a small window to allow x-ray photons that come in the form of a narrow package reflects a series of filters filters before falling on the patient’s body.

Movie show areas exposed to large amounts of radiation opaque color, while showing the areas that were less susceptible to radiation Atoma less, and this explains that the bones appear white on the film being absorbed by the light beam and thus did not reach rays to the film, while showing soft tissue black or gray because it did not absorb radiation and thus reached larger quantities of these rays to the film.Movie show areas exposed to large amounts of radiation opaque color, while showing the areas that were less susceptible to radiation Atoma less, and this explains that the bones appear white on the film being absorbed by the light beam and thus did not reach rays to the film, while showing soft tissue black or gray because it did not absorb radiation and thus reached larger quantities of these rays to the film.
تFound on the other side of the patient’s body X-ray camera X-ray camera that use the same technology used in the film regular camera, but the difference here that instigate chemical reactions on the film is X-ray and not visible light, but in the device Digital X-RayWhich we will talk about later is used instead of film sensitive electronic component CCD . Located on the other side of the patient’s body X-ray camera X-ray camera that use the same technology used in the film regular camera, but the difference here that instigate chemical reactions on the film is X-ray and not visible light, but in the the Digital X-Ray which we will talk about later is used instead of a film sensitive electronic CCD.

Harmful ultraviolet rays:


The problem of X-rays as ionizing radiation, when the shock rays normal atom it is not able to make changes in the corn, but when the shock X-ray corn is the result of the expulsion of an electron from this atom and converts it to stray, or electrically charged atoms.The problem of X-rays as ionizing radiation, when the shock rays normal atom it is not able to make changes in the corn, but when the shock X-ray corn is the result of the expulsion of an electron from this atom and converts it to stray, or electrically charged atoms. This shipment has caused abnormal chemical reactions inside cells . This shipment has caused abnormal chemical reactions within cells.As it can cause to break the chain  DNA Chains This is what is causing the death of the affected series or injury spasmodic, and this is what makes the cells carcinogen, and can be spread this cancer Through the body. They can also cause DNA to break the chains of nuclear DNA Chains and this is what is causing the death of the affected series or her spasmodic, this is what makes the cells carcinogen, and can be spread through the body of this cancer.
. Therefore, doctors used X-ray the economy these days.
But despite these risks, it remains mediated by X-ray scanning the most secure option of direct surgical work, and it is certain that X-ray machine of the most important inventions of our timeBut despite these risks, it remains mediated by X-ray scanning the most secure option of direct surgical work, and it is certain that X-ray machine of the most important inventions of our time.
System of Digital X-Ray:

Box plots for the device:
Digital X-Ray equipment different from the traditional system of X-ray image capture and processing, these devices do not contain traditional movies but also contains a section showing an electronic consists mainly of a so-called CCD or Charge Couple Device and is a matrix with large number of elements of the light-sensitive depth of about 30 Maekerfallt level of accuracy and up to 1024 X 1024 Pixel . The device of Digital X-Ray equipment different from the traditional system of X-ray image capture and processing, these devices do not contain traditional movies but also contains a section showing an electronic consists mainly of a so-called CCD or Charge Couple Device and is a matrix with the number of large elements of the light-sensitive depth of about 30 Maekerfallt level of accuracy and up to 1024 X 1024 Pixel.
The element of the CCD
X-ray photons to transfer them to the fallen, generating an electrical signal that these photons electric charge on each element of the matrix as the photon energy, and processed this signal mediated by computer in order to get the image on the display screen control
. Component is the CCD X-ray photons to transfer them to the fallen, generating an electrical signal that these photons electric charge on each element of the matrix as the photon energy, and processed this signal mediated by computer in order to get the image on the display screen control.
This element is the cornerstone of digital photography, whether this imaging cameras mediated ordinary or medical imaging.
This element is the cornerstone of digital photography, whether this imaging cameras mediated ordinary or medical imaging.
عنصر الــ CCD Element of the CCD

Characterized by X-ray digital traditional,
1-  better comparison between the tissue-intensive and non-intensive.
2-  get faster on the image.
3-  the ability to store images.
4-  the possibility of modifying images in order to increase accuracy of detection of cancers.
5- The possibility of transfer images easily to remote locations to Internet-mediated medical doctors in distant locations.
But the disadvantage of the digital examination is the high cost compared to traditional examination.
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WORKING OF NIGHT VISION DEVICES

It is known that the process of vision is done by reflection of visible light rays of the body we are looking at our eyes, which in turn is an image of an object on the retina and the image information transmitted through the optical fiber to the brain to translate body image. Hence, the process of vision depends mainly on the visible light rays, whether of sun or electric light bulbs. For this reason, in the dark can not see things eye to the lack of visible light reflected from the body to the eye.
The question now is how to improve visibility in the dark? 
To answer this question should shed some light on the electromagnetic spectrum that surrounds us, and colors What we’re saying is a fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum
Each region on the spectrum of electromagnetic energy-depending on the wavelength: the shorter wavelength has higher energy. Consequently the color blue with a shorter wavelength in the visible spectrum has higher energy than red because it has a wavelength greater. The infrared spectrum by the color red and this means that the capacity is less. 
Infrared is divided into three regions, and visible radiation is divided into seven different colors (colors of the spectrum known) and the three areas of the infrared spectrum is: 
The area near the infrared Near-infrared, the closest possible to the visible spectrum and with a range from 0.7 microns to 1.3 microns. 
Central Mid-infrared Central Region Mid-infrared, a region of the electromagnetic spectrum in the range 1.3 microns to 3 microns. These rays are used in remote controls
X-ray thermal Thermal-infrared Thermal radiation Thermal-infrared, which occupies a greater range of the electromagnetic spectrum from 3 microns to 30 microns. That occupies the largest range of the electromagnetic spectrum from 3 microns to 30 microns. 
X-ray thermal Thermal-infrared Thermal radiation Thermal-infrared rays are emitted from objects as a result of temperature and is not reflected rays from the objects. Rays are emitted by objects due to temperature, not rays reflected from objects. 
And back x-ray thermal emission in the infrared spectrum of exciting the atoms forming the body at temperatures above absolute zero and return to the state of excitement and this is causing to the release of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region. Since the atoms in the event that a continuous excitation to energy levels higher excited level, and then return to the energy level ground ground-state energy level. When electrons gain energy as a result of corn temperature move to orbits with higher energy and eventually and return to the level of primary energy Ground State absolute power gained in the form of electromagnetic spectrum in the infrared wavelength range from 3 microns to 30 microns according to the degree of excitement . 
For example, when heating a spoon to start a flame temperature of the spoon growing, and produces at each temperature emission of infrared (heat) until it reaches the temperature to a certain extent the spoon begins to flare and reddish, and here we have entered in the visual wavelengths because the temperature close to 500 degrees Celsius and maximum flare up when it becomes close to the outstanding color white (more than 1000 degrees Celsius).
Conclude that every object radiates electromagnetic spectrum at temperatures above absolute zero, and the more the temperature increased the degree of excitement and this leads to the emission of electromagnetic spectrum, which is in the infrared at low temperatures and the greater the temperature approached the emitted spectrum to the visible spectrum. 
Hence, based on the idea of night-vision infrared (heat) emitted from objects, and this is what we’ll explain it now ……. Hence, based on the idea of night-vision infrared (heat) emitted from objects, and this is what we’ll explain it now …….
How do night vision devices? How do night vision devices? 
By the lens system similar to the video camera lens work on a compilation infrared emitted by objects. By the lens system similar to the video camera lens work on a compilation infrared emitted by objects. 
Infrared collected fall on an array of sensors sensitive to infrared work on the thermal map of the body called thermogram.
The organs of Aktronip convert the image to the thermogram thermal electrical pulses. 
Unit signal processing signal-processing unit to translate the image taken from the thermal sensors to the information for display on the screen. 
Send a signal processing unit and signal-processing unit information to the screen in the form of colored areas reflect the temperature and all the information collected the image. There are two types of night vision devices, one operating at room temperature, known as the Un-cooled and can detect differences in temperature of up to 0.2 degrees Celsius, the most prevalent. The other type operates under temperatures below room temperature and to cool it, known as the Carnival Cryogenically cooled a price and can detect differences in temperature of up to 0.1 degrees Celsius, and for distances up to 300 meters.
Types of night vision devices 
Can be divided into night-vision gear into three sections: 
Telescope Scopes, machines that prove the weapons to hit the targets night or hand-held for the transition from night vision to normal vision.
Spyglass Goggles, which are often mounted on the head and used to roam through which during the night. Cameras it looks like a traditional video, but rely on imaging by infrared and in aircraft or control the buildings.
Uses night-vision gear: Uses night-vision gear: 
Night-vision gear for many applications such as applications in the areas of military and criminal research and Night Safari in the search for the missing things in the entertainment and protection systems and control. 
It should be noted that the first and most important applications of night-vision gear are the military uses to spy on the movements of the opponent and equipment during the night, as used by men in the control of their buildings of thieves and aggressors. criminal investigations in the study of movements of the thieves from the thermal effects left by their feet on the ground and the duration of abuse and follow-up the loot and other .

TRUTH OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (FROM A WORKING BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER)

In our country, job opportunities in biomedical engineering is very very very much, and even growing every day, and wages are also good, and is either:
1 – sales (sales or delegate as an business selling medical equipment)
2 – maintenance
3 – Engineering and hospital equipment 
Sales have nothing to do engineering, sufficient to know the simple commodity being sold, a study of the local market and the global study of customer requirements, knowledge of the art of marketing and sales, suit with tie, Computers with Englishman …… Sales have nothing to do engineering, sufficient to know the simple commodity being sold, a study of the local market and the global study of customer requirements, knowledge of the art of marketing and sales, suit with tie, Computers with Englishman …. .. And Guide: And directory:
1 – noticed that most of the salespeople and owners of medical equipment companies in our country are not even engineers. 1
2 – If you find an engineer working in medical sales, ask him about what had learned from what he learned at the university will say nothing, Sawa I know that this device exists and work well.
But the good thing in this area, is the enormous profits generated by trade in medical equipment and this is what drives many of the selected discipline at the university. But the good thing in this area, is the enormous profits generated by trade in medical equipment and this is what drives many of the selected discipline at the university. 
For maintenance …… For maintenance …… They practice. They practice. Learned a lot of things at the university related to maintenance, but many have not learned, or Tamlnah only theoretical, and practical application is very different from theoretical application, the good thing is to work with something that I learned in engineering, and bad this area is low salaries (although they good) compared to the field sales and engineer of the need for adequate training before becoming experienced in this area. Learned a lot of things at the university related to maintenance, but many have not learned, or Tamlnah only theoretical, and practical application is very different from theoretical application, the good thing is to work with something that I learned in engineering, and bad this area is low salaries (although they good) compared to the field sales and engineer of the need for adequate training before becoming experienced in this area. 
Engineering hospitals: books and equipment and conditions and technical advice for the offers from time to time or matters of engineering ….. Perhaps it is the best or the only application (after maintenance) of medical engineering in our country, very high efficiency, but bad this area is the lack of his presence. Perhaps it is the best or the only application (after maintenance) of medical engineering in our country, very high efficiency, but bad this area is the lack of his presence. 
I do not deny, of course there are many problems such as lack of manufacturers (possible to be achieved in the future), practically non-existent at the university (and therefore the need to engineer training long enough when entering maintenance) ……. I do not deny, of course there are many problems such as lack of manufacturers (possible to be achieved in the future), practically non-existent at the university (and therefore the need to engineer training long enough when entering maintenance)

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER JOBS AT VARANASI,UTTAR PRADESH

Experience:
5 – 10 Years
Location: Varanasi
Compensation:Rupees 1,25,000 – 1,75,000
Education:
UG – B.Tech/B.E. – Biomedical PG – Post Graduation Not Required
Industry Type:
Medical/ Healthcare/Hospital
Role:
Bio-Tech Research Mgr
Functional Area:
Healthcare, Medical, R&D
Desired Candidate Profile B.Tech/Diploma in Bio Medical Engineering or B. Tech/Diploma in Electronics and communication with 5-10 years experience of handling hospital eqpts
Job Description :B.Tech/Diploma in Bio Medical Engineering or B. Tech/Diploma in Electronics and communication with 5-10 years experience of handling hospital eqpts
Company Profile :A Tertiary care multi disciplinary super speciality 150 bedded hospital at Varanasi with State of the Art facilities.
Contact Details
Company Name:
Heritage Hospitals Ltd.

Website :
http://www.heritagehospitals.in

Executive Name:
Brig (Dr) PN Singh (Retd)

Address:
Heritage Hospitals Ltd
Lanka
VARANASI,Uttar Pradesh,India 221005

Email Address:
infohhl@gmail.com

Telephone:
91-542-2368888

LIST OF COLLEGES OFFERING MBA HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION


Institute of Management Studies,

COURSE OFFERED

MBA In Hospital Administration

Full-time/2yrs

Talshashila Campus Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya.

Khandwa Road,

Indore, MP – 452017

0731 – 2478800/2470022

Website - www.dauniv.ac.in
Indian Institute Of Pharmaceutical Marketing
Derparment of Distance and open Learning

COURSE OFFERED

MBA In Hospital Management(MBA-HA)

Executive MBA In Hospital Management(EMBA)

Post Graduate Diploma In Hospital Management(PGDHM)

IIPM, Sapt-Rishi, 5/28,
Vikas Nagar,
Lucknow-226022 (INDIA)
0522-2766456/6545285/4004044

Website – www.iipm.co.in
Advanced Diploma In Hospital Management(ADHM)

COURSE OFFERED

MBA-HA – 2yrs

EMBA – 1yr

PGDHM – 1yr

ADHM – 1yr

Masters In Hospital Management

Fulltime/2yrs

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Nizam Institute Of Medical Sciences

Punjagutta,Hyderabad – 500082

Andhra Pradesh

040-23320332 040-23320332

Website - www.nims.ap.nic.in
Apollo Institute of Hospital Administration

COURSE OFFERED

Masters In Hospital Management

Full-time/2 1/2yrs

(Affiliated to Osmania University and approved by AICTE)
Apollo Hospital Campus, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033.
040-23543269/23607777
Website – www.apolloiha.ac.in
Symboisis Center Of Health Care

Senapati Bapat Road

Pune- 411004 Maharashtra

020-5678680

Website – www.schcpune.org

COURSE OFFERED

Post Graduate Diploma In Health Care Management(PGDHHM)

PGDHHM -Part-time/ 2yr

Post Graduate Diploma In Medicolegal Systems(PGDMLS)

PGDMLS- Part-time/1yr
Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital

No. 7, Works Road, Chrompet,

Chennai – 600 044, Tamil Nadu
044-22415600/01/02, 22415051

COURSE OFFERED

MBA In Hospital and Health Systems Management

Fulltime/2yrs
Indian Institute Of Social Welfare and Management

College square west,Kolkata – 700073

033-22413648/3756/5792/8694

Website – www.iiswbm.edu

COURSE OFFERED

Post graduate diploma programme in hospital management

Fulltime/2yrs
Tata Institute Of Social Sciences

P.O. Box 8313 , Deonar, Mumbai 400 088.

022-2556 2912 022-2556 2912

Website – www.tiss.edu

COURSE OFFERED

Master Of Hospital Administration(MHA)

Master Of Health Administration

Full-time/2yrs

Diploma In Hospital Administration(DHA)

DHA – Part-time/1yr
Department Of Hospital Management

Owasisi Hospital & Research Center,

DMRL ‘X’ Road,Kanchanbagh

Hyderabad – 500058

040-24342632/24343129

Website - www.dshm.co.in

COURSE OFFERED

Post Graduate Programme in Hospital Management affilated to Osmania University

Fulltime/2 1/2yrs
Faculty of Management Studies
University of Delhi

Delhi – 110007
91-2766 6382 / 6388
Website - www.fms.edu

COURSE OFFERED

MBA In Health Care Administration

Part-time/3yrs
National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW),

Munirka, New Delhi-110067
011-26165959/26166441/26188485/26107773
Website – www.nihfw.org

COURSE OFFERED

Post Graduate Certificate course In Hospital Management

Post Graduate Certificate course In Health and Family Welfare Management

Part-time/1yr

CBRI Chennai Training Program on Applications of Bioinformatics in Current Pharmaceutical Industries

Center for Bioinformatics Research Institute (CBRI Chennai)
#203/1, Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai-600 026,
Chenani-600 026 Tamilnadu
Training Program on Applications of Bioinformatics in current Pharmaceutical Industries
MARCH-APRIL 2010
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this training is to expose the trainees to basic concepts of Bioinformatics & its application in
Agricultural, Medical research, Biological databases, Database management System and the data mining techniques as an automated means of reducing the complexity of data in large bioinformatics databases and of discovering meaningful,useful patterns and relationships in data. Course also includes an overview of the methods, technologies, and challenges associated with life sciences.To invent and implement structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding, management and analysis of medical and biological information. To utilize the research capabilities for the development of socially and medically relevant biological tools and medicines.
TOPICS
The Prime objective of this Training cum Practical is to understand the basics of Bioinformatics and its role in agricultural and medical research. The training also provides an insight into Biological databases and current methods & strategies that are being used to mining of biological data.

Following are the broad topics to be discussed at the Training programme:
• An Introduction to Bioinformatics
*Concepts, historical milestones and the central place of bioinformatics in modern biology
*Bioinformatics Databases, Tools and Institutions
• Sequence Similarity and Homology
*Concepts and tools
*Sequence analysis
*Phylogenetics
• Genomes and Expression data
*Genomics resources and genome browsing
*Expression datasets: repositories
*Exploring Expression data and Comparing Expression profiles
• Proteomes and Structures
*Searching for proteins and proteomes
*Functional characterization of proteins
*Protein structure
•Systems Biology: Interactions & pathways
*Protein-Protein Interactions
*Visualising networks
*Pathways through Reactome
What will I learn? 
* A broad introduction to bioinformatics data resources through lecture- and practical-based sessions.
* To understand when, why and how to use public data resources for molecular biology.
* Practical experience of using the databases, using a range of widely applicable case studies.
About CBRI
Centre for Bioinformatics Research Institute is a private organization engaged in doing Research in Biology, Database development and Maintenances. It has been setup as a premier Institute for Research and Development, Advanced Training and Services in Bioinformatics for the promotion, growth and prosperity of Biological Sciences.It started in 2008 as a small institute to give basic and advanced training in the field of bioinformatics, research guidelines to pioneer works mainly for academic and job oriented research.In the end of 2008 it was upgraded to a college level and its scope was extended to different government and private institutes, Bio-medical research institutes, Pharma industries, IT industries.
Level of participants
Students undergoing degree or fresh Graduates/ Faculty/ researchers in Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Computational Biology, Computer science or any Branches of life science.
Duration, Methodology & Venue 
Six days, lectures followed by hands on session by experts in Bioinformatics Centre, CBRI, Chennai.
Registration fee 
Registration fee for the training is Rs. 1000/-student, (Check or cash) along with the enclosed registration form. send through post to the given address # 203/1, Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai-600 026.
How to Apply 
Application for participation may be sent in the prescribed form duly forwarded by the competent authority of the Institute/ University where the candidate is employed/Studying.
Completed application in all respect may be sent to the institute before 31th March, 2010 at following address.
ONLINE REGISTRATION 
Register through cbrichennai@gmail.com, cbribioindia@yahoo.com and send the filled nomination form with registration fee by Speed post or courier. FOR DETAILS CONTACT: 
Prashantha.C.N
Managing Director
Center for Bioinformatics Research Institute
#203/1, Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai-600 026,
TCameniltneard ufor Bioinformatics Research Institute
#203/1, Arcot Road, NSK Salai, Vadapalani,
Chenani-600 026.
Tamilnadu 
Phone No: +91-44-42046770
Mobile No: 9176673779
Email Id: cbrichennai@gmail.com